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A critical security vulnerability, CVE-2025-32433, has been discovered in the Erlang/OTP SSH implementation, potentially allowing unauthenticated remote code execution (RCE). The flaw, which has been assigned a maximum CVSS score of 10.0, could enable attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected systems without providing any credentials. Researchers at Ruhr University Bochum, including Fabian Bäumer, Marcus Brinkmann, Marcel Maehren, and Jörg Schwenk, identified the vulnerability. It stems from improper handling of SSH protocol messages, allowing attackers to send connection protocol messages prior to authentication, leading to a complete system compromise if the SSH daemon is running with root privileges.
The vulnerability affects all users running an SSH server based on the Erlang/OTP SSH library. According to the official Ericsson security advisory, any application providing SSH access using the Erlang/OTP SSH library should be considered affected. This vulnerability poses a significant risk, especially to critical infrastructure and high-availability systems where Erlang/OTP is widely used, such as in telecommunications equipment, industrial control systems, and connected devices. Expert Mayuresh Dani of Qualys emphasizes the critical nature, noting Erlang's frequent installation on high-availability systems. This vulnerability could allow actions such as installing ransomware or siphoning off sensitive data.
Proof-of-concept (PoC) exploits for CVE-2025-32433 have already been released, increasing the urgency for organizations to take immediate action. SecurityOnline reported the release of PoC code, and the Horizon3 Attack Team confirmed they had developed their own exploit, describing it as "surprisingly easy" to reproduce. Mitigation strategies include immediately updating to the patched versions: OTP-27.3.3, OTP-26.2.5.11, or OTP-25.3.2.20. As a temporary workaround, it is recommended to disable the SSH server or restrict access via firewall rules until the updates can be applied. Organizations should evaluate their systems for potential compromise.
ImgSrc: blogger.googleu
References :
The vulnerability affects all users running an SSH server based on the Erlang/OTP SSH library. According to the official Ericsson security advisory, any application providing SSH access using the Erlang/OTP SSH library should be considered affected. This vulnerability poses a significant risk, especially to critical infrastructure and high-availability systems where Erlang/OTP is widely used, such as in telecommunications equipment, industrial control systems, and connected devices. Expert Mayuresh Dani of Qualys emphasizes the critical nature, noting Erlang's frequent installation on high-availability systems. This vulnerability could allow actions such as installing ransomware or siphoning off sensitive data.
Proof-of-concept (PoC) exploits for CVE-2025-32433 have already been released, increasing the urgency for organizations to take immediate action. SecurityOnline reported the release of PoC code, and the Horizon3 Attack Team confirmed they had developed their own exploit, describing it as "surprisingly easy" to reproduce. Mitigation strategies include immediately updating to the patched versions: OTP-27.3.3, OTP-26.2.5.11, or OTP-25.3.2.20. As a temporary workaround, it is recommended to disable the SSH server or restrict access via firewall rules until the updates can be applied. Organizations should evaluate their systems for potential compromise.
ImgSrc: blogger.googleu
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References :
- darkwebinformer.com: CVE-2025-32433: Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution in Erlang/OTP SSH
- hackread.com: Researchers Find CVSS 10.0 Severity RCE Vulnerability in Erlang/OTP SSH
- Open Source Security: CVE-2025-32433: Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution in Erlang/OTP SSH
- Ubuntu security notices: USN-7443-1: Erlang vulnerability
- BleepingComputer: Critical Erlang/OTP SSH pre-auth RCE is 'Surprisingly Easy' to exploit, patch now
- Open Source Security: CVE-2025-32433: Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution in Erlang/OTP SSH
- The Hacker News: TheHackerNews Article about CVSS 10.0 in Erlang/OTP SSH
- The DefendOps Diaries: Explore the critical CVE-2025-32433 vulnerability in Erlang/OTP SSH, its impact, and mitigation strategies.
- hackread.com: Researchers Find CVSS 10.0 Severity RCE Vulnerability in Erlang/OTP SSH
- github.com: Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution in Erlang/OTP SSH
- www.bleepingcomputer.com: Critical Erlang/OTP SSH pre-auth RCE is 'Surprisingly Easy' to exploit, patch now
- securityonline.info: CVE-2025-32433: Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution in Erlang/OTP SSH
- www.openwall.com: CVE-2025-32433: Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution in Erlang/OTP SSH
- securityonline.info: CVE-2025-32433: Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution in Erlang/OTP SSH
- Resources-2: Picus Security Blog on Erlang/OTP SSH RCE
- Tenable Blog: Proof-of-concept code has been released after researchers disclosed a maximum severity remote code execution vulnerability in Erlang/OTP SSH. Successful exploitation could allow for complete takeover of affected devices. Background On April 16, Fabian Bäumer, Marcus Brinkmann, Marcel Maehren, and Jörg Schwenk of the Ruhr University Bochum in Germany disclosed a critical vulnerability in Erlang/OTP SSH to the vulnerability mailing list.
- securityonline.info: SecurityOnline article on Erlang/OTP CVE-2025-32433 (CVSS 10): Critical SSH Flaw Allows Unauthenticated RCE
- Security Risk Advisors: Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution in Erlang/OTP SSH (CVE-2025-32433).
- securityonline.info: Erlang/OTP SSH Vulnerability (CVE-2025-32433).
- Open Source Security: Re: CVE-2025-32433: Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution in Erlang/OTP SSH
- www.runzero.com: Discusses an SSHamble with remote code execution in Erlang/OTP SSH.
- Open Source Security: Re: CVE-2025-32433: Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution in Erlang/OTP SSH
- Cyber Security News: Cybersecurity News also reported this vulnerability.
- securityboulevard.com: Vulnerability in Erlang/OTP SSH allows for unauthenticated remote code execution on vulnerable devices.
- The DefendOps Diaries: Understanding and Mitigating CVE-2025-32433: A Critical Erlang/OTP Vulnerability
- www.scworld.com: Maximum severity flaw impacts Erlang/OTP SSH Widely used library Erlang/OTP SSH was discovered to be affected by a maximum severity flaw, tracked as CVE-2025-32433, which could be leveraged to allow code execution without required logins, according to Hackread.
- Open Source Security: Seclists Details on SSH execution in Erlang
- Blog: CyberReason article on Erlang/OTP RCE Vulnerability.
- infosecwriteups.com: InfoSec Writeups: Erlang/OTP SSH CVSS 10 RCE
- securityboulevard.com: CVE-2025-32433: Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution in Erlang/OTP SSH
- www.bleepingcomputer.com: Critical Erlang/OTP SSH RCE bug now has public exploits, patch now
- industrialcyber.co: Frenos warns OT sector of critical Erlang vulnerability enabling remote code execution affecting millions of devices
- www.cybersecuritydive.com: Researchers warn of critical flaw found in Erlang OTP SSH
- Arctic Wolf: CVE-2025-32433: Maximum Severity Unauthenticated RCE Vulnerability in Erlang/OTP SSH
- arcticwolf.com: CVE-2025-32433: Maximum Severity Unauthenticated RCE Vulnerability in Erlang/OTP SSH
- Industrial Cyber: Frenos warns OT sector of critical Erlang vulnerability enabling remote code execution affecting millions of devices
- www.csoonline.com: Public exploits already available for a severity 10 Erlang SSH vulnerability; patch now