CyberSecurity news
FlagThis - #linux
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@www.qualys.com
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Two new information disclosure vulnerabilities have been identified in Linux systems, specifically affecting Ubuntu, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, and Fedora distributions. These flaws reside in the core dump handlers 'apport' (CVE-2025-5054) and 'systemd-coredump' (CVE-2025-4598). The vulnerabilities are characterized as race condition bugs, which could be exploited by a local attacker to gain unauthorized access to sensitive information. Successful exploitation could lead to the exposure of critical data, including password hashes, through the manipulation of core dumps generated during system crashes.
Qualys Threat Research Unit (TRU) discovered that Apport incorrectly handled metadata when processing application crashes. This allows an attacker to induce a crash in a privileged process and quickly replace it with another process with the same process ID inside a mount and pid namespace. Apport will then attempt to forward the core dump, potentially containing sensitive information from the original privileged process, into the namespace. Similarly, systemd-coredump has a race condition that allows an attacker to force a SUID process to crash and replace it with a non-SUID binary to access the original’s privileged process coredump. Both vulnerabilities have been assigned a CVSS score of 4.7, indicating a medium severity level. Red Hat has rated CVE-2025-4598 as Moderate due to the high complexity involved in successfully exploiting the flaw. To mitigate the risk, users can disable core dump generation for SUID binaries by running the command "echo 0 > /proc/sys/fs/suid_dumpable" as root. Canonical has released updates for the apport package for all affected Ubuntu releases, addressing CVE-2025-5054, and users are advised to update their systems as soon as possible. Recommended read:
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Pierluigi Paganini@Security Affairs
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A new botnet, dubbed PumaBot, is actively targeting Linux-based IoT devices, posing a significant security risk. This Go-based malware is designed to steal SSH credentials through brute-force attacks, allowing it to spread malicious payloads and illicitly mine cryptocurrency. Unlike other botnets that perform broad internet scans, PumaBot employs a more targeted approach by retrieving lists of IP addresses from its command-and-control (C2) server, enabling it to focus its attacks on specific devices. This approach, coupled with its ability to impersonate legitimate system files, makes PumaBot a stealthy and dangerous threat to embedded Linux systems.
The attack begins with PumaBot attempting to brute-force SSH credentials on targeted devices, aiming to gain unauthorized access. Once inside, it establishes persistence using systemd service files, ensuring it survives reboots and remains active on the compromised device. To further mask its activities, PumaBot disguises itself as a legitimate Redis system file, attempting to blend in with normal system processes. After successfully gaining access to an infected system, it collects and exfiltrates basic system information to the C2 server, where it can receive commands to carry out its malicious objectives. The primary goal of PumaBot appears to be cryptocurrency mining, as evidenced by the presence of "xmrig" and "networkxm" commands within its code. These commands suggest that compromised devices are being leveraged to generate illicit cryptocurrency gains for the botnet operators. Security experts also observed that the botnet performs checks to avoid honeypots and, curiously, looks for the string "Pumatronix," a surveillance and traffic camera manufacturer, hinting at a targeted or exclusionary approach. The discovery highlights the ongoing need for robust security measures for IoT devices, as they continue to be attractive targets for botnet recruitment and malicious activities. Recommended read:
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dark6@Secure Bulletin
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The Tor Project has launched oniux, a command-line utility designed to enhance privacy for Linux applications. Oniux provides kernel-enforced Tor isolation, routing all network traffic through the Tor network. This new tool leverages Linux namespaces, a kernel feature, to create isolated network environments for applications, ensuring robust traffic anonymity and preventing data leaks in high-risk scenarios. Oniux aims to provide a more secure and reliable alternative to traditional SOCKS-based Tor proxies like torsocks.
Oniux operates by spawning a child process with isolated network, mount, PID, and user namespaces, effectively containerizing the application. It then mounts its own /proc and maps UIDs/GIDs to match the parent process. A custom /etc/resolv.conf is injected via a mount namespace, ensuring all DNS queries are resolved through Tor. The tool utilizes onionmasq to create a TUN interface (onion0) for Tor-bound traffic routing and drops all elevated privileges after setup to minimize the attack surface. The target application executes within this sandboxed environment, guaranteeing all network traffic is forced through Tor. Unlike torsocks, which intercepts network-related libc calls and can be bypassed by applications using raw system calls or static binaries, oniux enforces isolation at the kernel level. This makes it impossible for applications, even malicious or misconfigured ones, to route traffic outside of Tor. The kernel-level isolation provided by oniux eliminates the risk of data leaks, making it particularly relevant for adversarial binaries or research tools not designed with privacy in mind, solidifying oniux as a more robust privacy solution. Recommended read:
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Bill Toulas@BleepingComputer
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A new cyber espionage campaign dubbed "ClickFix" is actively targeting Linux systems, marking a concerning shift in focus for threat actors. This campaign, characterized by its precision and stealth, is not a generic, scattershot attack, but rather a calculated effort by groups like APT36, known for their cyberespionage capabilities. Attackers are exploiting vulnerabilities within Linux environments, highlighting the increasing sophistication and reliance on Linux by critical infrastructure and enterprises worldwide. The rise of ClickFix attacks serves as a wake-up call, demonstrating that attackers are now willing to go deeper and target smarter, making it harder for administrators who may have previously felt secure with standard hardening measures.
The core technique of ClickFix attacks involves social engineering to deceive users into executing malicious commands. Attackers have utilized websites that mimic legitimate entities, such as India’s Ministry of Defence, to lure victims. When users visit these sites, they are profiled based on their operating system and redirected to a tailored attack flow. On Linux, this often involves presenting a CAPTCHA page that, when interacted with, copies a shell command to the user’s clipboard. The user is then instructed to execute this command, which can lead to the installation of malware. The command used in these attacks drops a payload on the target system, which, in its current form, fetches a JPEG image from the attacker’s server. APT36 is reportedly linked to Pakistan and has been known to use sophisticated social engineering tactics to target Indian entities. Historically, APT36 primarily targeted Windows-based environments, but the ClickFix campaign signals a significant evolution in their strategy. This group focuses heavily on espionage, collecting information from government agencies, academic institutions, and defense sectors. What distinguishes APT36 from other advanced persistent threats is its knack for exploiting tools and techniques that leave systems vulnerable without raising immediate alarms. The cross-platform nature of ClickFix attacks, which now include Linux, highlights their versatility and the need for robust defensive measures. Recommended read:
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@betanews.com
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A new proof-of-concept rootkit, dubbed Curing, has been developed by ARMO researchers to demonstrate a significant security blindspot in Linux runtime security. This rootkit leverages the 'io_uring' interface, a Linux asynchronous I/O mechanism, to bypass traditional system call monitoring. This means that many existing security tools like Falco, Tetragon, and even Microsoft Defender are unable to detect malicious activity carried out using this method, leaving systems vulnerable to stealthy rootkit attacks. The vulnerability stems from the fact that io_uring allows user applications to perform actions without relying on standard system calls, rendering security tools that depend on system call monitoring ineffective.
io_uring was introduced in Linux kernel version 5.1 in March 2019, designed to improve I/O operation efficiency by using circular buffers (submission queue and completion queue) between the kernel and user space. However, ARMO's Curing rootkit exploits this mechanism to communicate with a command-and-control server, fetch commands, and execute them on the infected host without triggering traditional security alerts. This is achieved by performing operations using io_uring instead of direct system calls. ARMO's analysis found that popular Linux runtime security tools are blind to io_uring-based operations. This is because these tools rely heavily on system call hooking, a method bypassed by io_uring. While the security risks associated with io_uring have been acknowledged, as evidenced by Google's decision to limit its use across Android, ChromeOS, and its production servers due to its exploitation potential, a broader industry solution is still needed to address this Linux kernel blindspot effectively. Recommendations for detecting io_uring-based threats include monitoring for anomalous usage of io_uring, leveraging Kernel Runtime Security Instrumentation (KRSI), and identifying alternative hook points across the Linux stack. Recommended read:
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info@thehackernews.com (The@The Hacker News
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The OUTLAW Linux botnet is rapidly expanding by targeting vulnerable SSH servers through brute-force attacks. Cybersecurity researchers have identified the botnet, also known as Dota, as an "auto-propagating" cryptocurrency mining operation that uses simple yet effective techniques to maintain persistence on compromised systems. This includes exploiting weak credentials, manipulating SSH keys, and leveraging cron jobs to ensure the malware restarts after reboots or termination attempts.
The botnet uses a multi-stage infection process, beginning with a dropper shell script that downloads and unpacks a malicious archive file. This file launches a modified XMRig miner for cryptojacking and installs components in hidden directories to avoid detection. The botnet also uses a custom SSH brute-forcer called BLITZ to scan for and infect other vulnerable systems on the network, perpetuating its spread in a worm-like fashion. Despite its basic techniques, OUTLAW has proven to be a persistent and effective threat. Recommended read:
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@itpro.com
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Qualys security researchers have uncovered three bypasses in Ubuntu Linux's unprivileged user namespace restrictions, a security feature intended to reduce the attack surface. These bypasses, present in Ubuntu versions 23.10 and 24.04, could enable a local attacker to gain full administrative capabilities. The unprivileged user namespace restrictions were designed to provide security isolation for applications, however, the newly discovered flaws create a weak spot that attackers can exploit.
The bypasses allow a local attacker to create user namespaces with full administrator capabilities. One method involves exploiting the aa-exec tool, while another utilizes Busybox. A third involves LD_PRELOADing a shell into programs with AppArmor profiles. Successful exploitation could allow attackers to bypass security measures, exploit vulnerabilities in kernel components, and potentially gain full system access. Ubuntu was notified of the vulnerabilities on January 15, 2025. Recommended read:
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