CyberSecurity news

FlagThis - #postquantum

John Engates@The Cloudflare Blog //
Cloudflare has announced an expansion of its Zero Trust platform to protect organizations against emerging quantum computing threats. The upgrade focuses on enabling post-quantum cryptography for corporate network traffic, allowing secure routing of communications from web browsers to corporate web applications. This provides immediate, end-to-end quantum-safe connectivity, addressing the increasing vulnerability of conventional cryptography to quantum computer attacks. Cloudflare has been actively developing and implementing post-quantum cryptography since 2017 and are already making post-quantum security free, by default, for all of its customers.

Organizations can tunnel their corporate network traffic through Cloudflare’s Zero Trust platform, thereby shielding sensitive data from potential quantum breaches. Over 35% of non-bot HTTPS traffic that touches Cloudflare is already post-quantum secure, with the expectation that this percentage will grow as more browsers and clients support post-quantum cryptography. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is also encouraging this transition, setting a timeline to phase out conventional cryptographic algorithms like RSA and Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) by 2030 and completely disallowing them by 2035.

Cloudflare's CEO Matthew Prince states "Cloudflare has long committed to making post-quantum security the new baseline for Internet security, delivering it to all customers so we can bolster defenses against future quantum threats. Now, we’re offering that protection built directly into our Zero Trust solutions". He continues "We want every Cloudflare customer to have a clear path to quantum safety, and we are already working with some of the most innovative banks, ISPs, and governments around the world as they begin their journeys to quantum security. We will continue to make advanced cryptography accessible to everyone, at no cost, in all of our products.”

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References :
  • The Cloudflare Blog: Conventional cryptography is under threat. Upgrade to post-quantum cryptography with Cloudflare Zero Trust
  • Quartz: Cloudflare is already selling security tools for the quantum computing era
  • Help Net Security: Cloudflare boosts defenses against future quantum threats
  • www.infosecurity-magazine.com: Cloudflare introduces E2E post-quantum cryptography, enhancing security against quantum threats
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@The Cryptography Caffe? ? //
The UK's National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) has released a roadmap for transitioning to post-quantum cryptography (PQC), establishing key dates for organizations to assess risks, define strategies, and fully transition by 2035. This initiative aims to mitigate the future threat of quantum computers, which could potentially break today's widely used encryption methods. The NCSC’s guidance recognizes that PQC migration is a complex and lengthy process requiring significant planning and investment.

By 2028, organizations are expected to complete a discovery phase, identifying systems and services reliant on cryptography that need upgrades, and draft a migration plan. High-priority migration activities should be completed by 2031, with infrastructure prepared for a full transition. The NCSC emphasizes that these steps are essential for addressing quantum threats and improving overall cyber resilience. Ali El Kaafarani, CEO of PQShield, noted that these timelines give clear instructions to protect the UK’s digital future.

Researchers have also introduced ZKPyTorch, a compiler that integrates ML frameworks with ZKP engines to simplify the development of zero-knowledge machine learning (ZKML). ZKPyTorch automates the translation of ML operations into optimized ZKP circuits and improves proof generation efficiency. Through case studies, ZKPyTorch successfully converted VGG-16 and Llama-3 models into ZKP-compatible circuits.

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References :
  • The Quantum Insider: UK Sets Timeline, Road Map for Post-Quantum Cryptography Migration
  • The Register - Security: The post-quantum cryptography apocalypse will be televised in 10 years, says UK's NCSC
  • Dhole Moments: Post-Quantum Cryptography Is About The Keys You Don’t Play
  • IACR News: ePrint Report: An Optimized Instantiation of Post-Quantum MQTT protocol on 8-bit AVR Sensor Nodes YoungBeom Kim, Seog Chung Seo Since the selection of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) standardization algorithms, research on integrating PQC into security protocols such as TLS/SSL, IPSec, and DNSSEC has been actively pursued. However, PQC migration for Internet of Things (IoT) communication protocols remains largely unexplored. Embedded devices in IoT environments have limited computational power and memory, making it crucial to optimize PQC algorithms for efficient computation and minimal memory usage when deploying them on low-spec IoT devices. In this paper, we introduce KEM-MQTT, a lightweight and efficient Key Encapsulation Mechanism (KEM) for the Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol, widely used in IoT environments. Our approach applies the NIST KEM algorithm Crystals-Kyber (Kyber) while leveraging MQTT’s characteristics and sensor node constraints. To enhance efficiency, we address certificate verification issues and adopt KEMTLS to eliminate the need for Post-Quantum Digital Signatures Algorithm (PQC-DSA) in mutual authentication. As a result, KEM-MQTT retains its lightweight properties while maintaining the security guarantees of TLS 1.3. We identify inefficiencies in existing Kyber implementations on 8-bit AVR microcontrollers (MCUs), which are highly resource-constrained. To address this, we propose novel implementation techniques that optimize Kyber for AVR, focusing on high-speed execution, reduced memory consumption, and secure implementation, including Signed LookUp-Table (LUT) Reduction. Our optimized Kyber achieves performance gains of 81%,75%, and 85% in the KeyGen, Encaps, and DeCaps processes, respectively, compared to the reference implementation. With approximately 3 KB of stack usage, our Kyber implementation surpasses all state-of-the-art Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDH) implementations. Finally, in KEM-MQTT using Kyber-512, an 8-bit AVR device completes the handshake preparation process in 4.32 seconds, excluding the physical transmission and reception times.
  • The Quantum Insider: ETSI Launches New Security Standard for Quantum-Safe Hybrid Key Exchanges
  • billatnapier.medium.com: Xmas Coming Early: OpenSSL Finally Enters a Quantum World
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