Galileo OSNMA: Vulnerability to Artificially Manipulated Time Synchronization ATS
Research identifies a critical architectural flaw in Galileo’s Open Service Navigation Message Authentication (OSNMA) allowing for signal spoofing via Artificially Manipulated Time Synchronization (ATS). By manipulating a receiver's Local Reference Time (LRT), attackers can align forged signals with the OSNMA Time Synchronization (TS) window, effectively bypassing cryptographic authentication checks. This vulnerability enables three primary attack vectors—TS-compliant Replay (TSR), TS-compliant Forgery (TSF), and TS-compliant Dual-frequency Forgery (TSDF)—affecting both single and dual-frequency receivers. The impact extends to critical timing-dependent infrastructure, autonomous navigation, and maritime systems, undermining the perceived security of the OSNMA framework.